The Mental Health Care System - 1414 Words

The Mental Health Care system is really important to our society. What might happen if the workforce in the Mental Health System didn t meet the qualifications to support the mentally ill? It means thousands of people with mental health problems are at risk of not getting the urgent care in emergencies because of a lack in staff and supplies. For the most part America has a better control on their Mental Health Care System, but it is a whole different story in the United Kingdom. One thousand people who had experienced a mental health crisis in the last five years located in the UK were interviewed and asked â€Å"If they had felt they received all the support they needed in their emergency?† Only fourteen percent said yes to this interview conducted by one of the National Health Services (NHS) Mental Health trusts. Trust retain their operational responsibly for acute and primary care services, so in other words England’s Mental Health Care System can make as many mista kes as they want and not get sued for them. We talked about the United Kingdom not having enough qualifications to work with the mentally ill, now lets get more information on these workers and their schooling. In Britain to get a doctorate s degree for Psychology it only takes 3 to 5 years and that is including the little training you need. As for schooling in America for a Doctorate s degree for Psychology it will take you at least 6 to 8 years and that is not including the formal training and supervisedShow MoreRelatedIssues Of The Mental Health Care System2219 Words   |  9 PagesIssues in the Mental Health Care System Introduction Mental illness is a disease found worldwide, affecting a big chunk of the population. Some mental illnesses can be small such as ADHD and anxiety disorders whereas others are more severe like Borderline Personality Disorder and Schizophrenia. Treatment and understanding of these conditions used to be very poor, but the 1980’s started to change that. Although much treatment of mentally ill patients has gotten better, there is still room for improvementRead MoreMental Health Care System Of Australia1814 Words   |  8 PagesMental health services has given significant impact and influence on mental health nursing practice (Ricard, Page Laflamme 2014). This is due to the fact that nurses have shown leadership in the clinical setting and have adapted the needs of their consumers to their services in the primary health care setting (Ricard, Page Laflamme 2014). However, according to John Crowther Theresa Ragusa (2011), mental health nursing has declined in New South Wales (NSW) . Their study provides insight on theRead MoreA Broken System : Mental Health Care Reform2769 Words   |  12 Pages2014 Fixing a Broken System: Mental Health Care Reform Mental health care in the United States is in an abysmal state, and yet the government hasn’t take action to fix it. Individuals suffering from serious mental illness are more likely to be incarcerated than to be receiving care in a psychiatric hospital. Perpetrators of mass shootings are often suffering from mental illness, and don’t receive help despite many warning signs. Homeless people are often suffering from mental illness, and many areRead MoreInadequacy Of The United States Mental Health Care System1104 Words   |  5 PagesStates Mental Health Care System: Barriers to Care According to the World Health Organization, mental illness will affect approximately 25% of people at some point in their life (â€Å"WHO Qualityrights†, n.d.). Despite that, the current mental health care system in the United States is inadequate. Many aspects of the system need improving, especially the barriers to service. In fact, approximately 20% of individuals are left without necessary treatment for their mental health disorder (â€Å"Mental Health†Read MoreTransformational Opportunities Exist With The United States Mental Health System1671 Words   |  7 PagesStates Mental Health System Mental illness refers to all diagnosable mental disorders defined as â€Å"health conditions that are characterized by alterations in thinking, mood or behavior (or some combination thereof) associated with distress and/or impaired functioning.† (Williams Torrens, 2008, p. 221) With one in every five American adults experiencing mental illness, the resulting economic burden exceeds $300 billion per year to include approximately $100 billion in direct health care expendituresRead MoreMental Health : Becoming A Public Health Crisis873 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Mental illness is becoming a public health crisis through-out the world. Within developing and developed countries there are many different reasons that mental health has caused issues in the countries being examined. Mental health is an issue that can affect anyone at any time in their life. Ones mental health can be affected by many things around a person or just through their own genetics. All people are born into their family situations which can be in a developed or developingRead MoreAccess Of Mental Health Care1105 Words   |  5 PagesAccess to Mental Health Care Headlines worldwide will read of another School Shooting because of a mentally ill person before long. Extra security and drills have placed a Band-Aid on the problem, but this kind of wound needs to be fixed at its source. Access to mental health care is seriously lacking in this country and it is because of the stigma that surrounds mental illnesses which causes people to stray away from treatment. There are not enough mental health care physicians in any givenRead MoreThe Mental Illness Of The United States Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pagesare many people in the United States that have a mental illness that is either not able to be treated or is never diagnosed at all. This is because treatment is very expensive and hard to access, and without proactive care of the mentally ill there can be various unfortunate outcomes, sadly including, death. So, why is access to mental health care so limited and what is the government of Ohio doing to solve it and what else should be done? Mental illnesses are very common in the United States,Read MoreThe Community Mental Health Act Of 19631064 Words   |  5 PagesThe Community Mental Health Act of 1963, was the first federal law that inspired community-based mental health care, and it ignited the transformation of the public mental health system (Young Minds Advocacy, 2016). Other names of the Act are Mental Retardation and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963. It was the beginning of the Deinstitutionalized movement in mental health treatment options for children, youth, and adults (National Council for Behavioral Health (NCBH), 2015)Read MoreMental Health Incidents Have Effected Policing1439 Words   |  6 Pagesaddress mental health incidents have effected policing. Through my research I have determined that Canadian law enforcement has failed to manage the new demands placed on them from historical and societal changes towards mental illness. This failure to properly manage has caused ine fficiencies Police have long been the default resource to manage new demands from changes in society, and in regards to mental illness, they have been referred to as the â€Å"informal first responders of mental health† (Council

The Role Of Heredity And Environment On Learning Theory

Susan Porter EDUC 230A 08/21/2015 Dropbox Assignment 1 The Role of Heredity and Environment in Learning Theory With regards to human development, is it determined by heredity or the environment? What is the importance of the answer to this question? Several developmental psychologists have researched this question and provided possible theories to answer it. This paper will take a look at three leading theorists on the subject-Bronfenbrenner, Piaget and Vygotsky. By means of personal reflection into my own learning experience, I will analyze which theory best describes my understanding of how people learn and why I came to that conclusion. First, let s examine Urie Bronfenbrenner s ecological systems theory about various environmental factors influence a child s development. In his theory, he reasons that in order to understand a child s developmental stages, the child s environmental influences must be taken into consideration (Omrod 21). He describes the influences in layers. The three layers surrounding a child are family, then ne ighborhoods and communities and lastly state and country influences. Permeating all of these layers is a child s culture, which is the belief and behavior systems that characterize one or more long-standing social groups of which the child is a member (Omrod 21). Secondly, we will examine Jean Piaget s cognitive development theory. His ideas are classified as a constructivist view, meaning that he concerns himself with theShow MoreRelated Nature and Nuture Essay713 Words   |  3 PagesThe question is this: How can we distinguish between the environmental causes of behavior and heredity causes? This question embodies the nature-nurture issue. John B. Watson argued that each is made, not born. He discounted the importance of heredity, maintaining that behavior is managed entirely by the environment. Indeed he boldly claimed: Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own special world to bring them up in and Ill guarantee to take any one at random and train himRead MoreThe Processes by Which Genes and Environment Operate Together to Influence Development1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe Processes by Which Genes and Environment Operate Together to Influence Development Psychologists have argued for centuries over which has played the larger role in child development, heredity or environment. The British philosopher John Locke (1632 –1704) proposed one of the first theories in the seventeenth century. Locke believed that a child was bornRead MoreEssay about Human Growth and Development1057 Words   |  5 Pagessome of the developmental theories and identify how they relate to human growth. Moreover, heredity and the environment are two important factors that affect the growth and development of every individual. Therefore it is of great benefit to examine how these factors influence human development, from the day of conception though the entire life span. Theories of Human Growth and Development There are six main theories related to human growth and development. All the theories point to some specificRead MoreCharacteristics Of A First And Second Language : Behaviorism, Innatism And Social Interactionist Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesperception of the place of heredity and environment in the process of acquiring language, but as we shall see each approach gives them a different weight and importance. In this paper we describe three approaches to acquire first and second language: Behaviorism, Innatism and Social-interactionist. During the work we will try to understand the characteristics of each approach; how they differ from each other; advantages and disadvantages; and what aspects from each theory that we should combine inRead MoreHow Hereditary And Environment Has Affected The People Around Me1457 Words   |  6 PagesThis environment has composition of several aspects and these aspects are cordially interdependent with environment and heredity, as well as this is coming from the evolution eras and the concept of heredity is the basic model of this effective and eminent source of heredity in chronological order. . Although hereditary environment has always been a deciding factor in determining our future, yet majority of us hardly even bothered to look over these factors. In this assignment I am trying toRead MoreIndustry Vs Inferiority Or Albert Bandura Social Learning Theory And Self-Adolency1444 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribing what it takes for the grade school child to develop mastery and competence, Erik Erikson Industry versus inferiority or Albert Bandura social learning theory and self-efficacy. Industry vs inferiority is stage four of Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Industry versus inferiority is the fourth stage of Erik Eriksons theory of psychosocial development. If the child cannot develop the specific skill they feel society is demanding (e.g., being athletic) then they may developRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive And Affective Development1693 Words   |  7 PagesMethodology and Cognitive Theory of Jean Piaget The Methodology and Cognitive Theory of Jean Piaget Timothy Carlton Southwest Tennessee Community College A Paper Presented In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For Life Span Psychology 2130-L01 July 31, 2014 â€Æ' â€Æ' Abstract Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive and Affective Development is a result of an interdisciplinary approach to understanding mental processes and the behaviors presented by those processes. Piaget’s theory encompasses developmentRead MoreIntroduction The three major motor developmental theories are maturation, sensory processing and1400 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The three major motor developmental theories are maturation, sensory processing and dynamic. Maturation refers to the biological growth processes that begin at conception and lead to the maturity of the body. These innate (inborn) changes occur in the body, brain and nervous system automatically in an orderly sequence at about the same time for most children. Because these changes are innate, they are not influenced by environmental experiences. Many of our basic abilities are closelyRead MoreDevelopment Across the Life Span: Nature Versus Nurture Essay examples1666 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversial topic associated with development across the lifespan is the theory of â€Å"Nature versus Nurture†. Nature versus nurture refers to the relationship between development and heredity and environmental factors. The answer lies on a spectrum between environmental factors and heredity. Psychologists on the environmental side are called empiricists. Empiricists believe that human dev elopment is fully influenced by a person’s environment. On the opposite side of the spectrum are the nativists. NativistsRead MoreEssay on Piagets Learning Theory in Elementary Education1549 Words   |  7 PagesPiaget’s Learning Theory in Elementary Education In order to support children’s growth educators try to provide a stimulating classroom environment. They implement different strategies, tools and practices to help achieve this goal. Since educators play an important role in children’s development they should be familiar with developmental psychology and know of its educational implications in the classroom. There are two major approaches of developmental psychology: (1) Cognitive development as

Journey Of Autism Essay Example For Students

Journey Of Autism Essay #65279;There are several reasons why I chose the topic of Autism. First, autism is intriguingbecause it is very hard to understand. Medical science is at a loss to explain why and how it occurs. Second, I have had occasion to develop a personal relationship with children who are afflicted withautism. At The Childrens Institute, where I volunteer, I sit and play with many kids, two of whomare very hard to play with. Even though they are five and six years old, they avoid making eyecontact with others, and often refuse to play with the other kids. Also, once they start watchingsomething, like television, it is very hard to get them to look somewhere else. They are focused,almost mesmerized by the television, especially if there are flashing lights or colors. One childrocks back and forth, sometimes slowly and sometimes faster. An older child makes noises a lot,hums and randomly laughs for no reason. My observations prompted me to do some research intoautism and I found that these were traits which others had also observed in patients afflicted withautism. Autism has mystified scientists and doctors for more than a century. So, what do we knowabout it now? It is a complex devel opmental disability that usually appears during the first threeyears of life, and it arises from a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain. The brainstem of a person with autism is shorter than a normal brainstem, lacks a structure knownas the superior olive and has a smaller than normal structure known as the facial nucleus. Scientists who have observed the brainstems of autistic patients have reported that it is though aband of tissue is missing. The symptoms of autism vary from one person to another. Some people can be affectedgreatly by one symptom, while other may be affected more strongly by a different symptom. This developmental disability impacts normal development of the brain in areas such associal interaction and communication skills. Children with autism cannot interpret the emotionalstates of others, they dont recognize anger, sorrow or manipulative intent. Their language skillsare limited and they will often fail to initiate and sustain convers ations. It is common for an autistic person to avoid being touched because of a heightened sense oftouch. A light touch to most people may hurt an autistic person. On the other hand, some autisticpeople are insensitive to pain and wont notice injuries. Hearing can also be heightened so that anoise that would not bother your or my ears, may hurt an autistic persons ears. Autistic peoplesvision can also be affected. They have trouble recognizing people. They can also have their eyeshurt by a bright light or a certain flickering. People with autism lack normal non-verbal communication and body language. Because ofthis, they will seem more literal minded and unemotional than those around them. They also havetrouble with verbal communication which sometimes means they will take a question or statement ina literal or unusual way. Some autistic people display communication difficulties such as difficultyremembering vocabulary and pronouncing words. Some are mute. Many need extra time to pr ocessverbal questions or comments and to reply. From time to time they will repeat things they hear oreven their own words. As you can see, autism affects its victims in a wide variety of ways. Some do well in specialsupportive environments, other are completely independent and function fairly well, and still othersmay never learn to talk or be able to work or live independently. Problems arise when autistic people attempt to handle multiple stimuli. Because they havevery narrowly focused attention, they can only keep up with one thing at a time. Most people have amind like a flashlight, with an area of high focus, and a larger area or partial awareness. Theautistic mind, though, is more like a laser-pointer that highlights only a single small dot to theexclusion of all else. Autistic people often dislike, or display a pronounced dislike for change. They have strongattachments to places, objects, and routines. They can become very upset if they are forced toabandon these things. People with autism may be seen as extremely shy. Some may be or seem socially anxious,but others arent anxious, just unintereste d or unaware of how to interact or approach others. Their lack of normal body language may make them seem more distant or unemotional than theyactually are. Autistic people will often do strange things, like flapping their hands in front of their eyes,humming, spinning in circles, rocking back and forth, or repeating things. They do these things justfor fun, or because they are excited or distressed. The repetitiveness is related to the naturalrepetitiveness and narrow focus of the autistic mind. Talking to oneself or giggling for no apparentreason is often the result of intense daydreaming or remembering. A child with autism is normal in appearance to the untrained eye. But scientists haveidentified a few physical anomalies. The corners of the mouth are low compared with the center ofthe upper lip, and the tops of the ears flop over. Also, the ears are a bit lower than normal andhave almost a square shape. In the information I have gathered, we see both how similarly affected the v ictims ofautism are and how much the effects of autism vary from one person to another. New scientificdiscoveries have served to dispel some of the mystery of this complex developmental disability. Ofcourse, it is frustrating for anyone who has a family member or is a family friend of an autisticperson because there is still no explanation for why autism strikes. As a volunteer who works with autistic children, I believe it is important to increaseawareness and understanding of this affliction. We can and should reach out to autistic childrenand help them live lives that are as meaningful and productive as possible. In doing so, I have foundthat we can enrich not just their lives but our own as well. Miscellaneous

The Effects of Aristotelian Teleological Thought on Darwins Mechanist Essay Example For Students

The Effects of Aristotelian Teleological Thought on Darwins Mechanist Essay ic Views ofEvolutionThe Effects of Aristotelian Teleological Thought on Darwins Mechanistic Views ofEvolutionJordan HoffmanThe need to understand organisms has been a much sought goal ofscience since its birth as biology. History shows Aristotle and Charles Darwinas two of the most powerful biologists of all time.Aristotles teleologicalmethod was supported widely for over 2,000 years. One scientist remarks thatthe Aristotelian teleology has been the ghost, the unexplained mystery whichhas haunted biology through its whole history (Ayala, 10). If Aristotlesapproach has frightened biology, then Darwin, who actually nicknamed himselfthe Devils Chaplain, and his idea of natural selection has virtually dissectedAristotles ghost. While Aristotle explained biology through a plan and apurpose, Darwin debated that randomness and chaos are responsible for theorganic world as we know it. Guiseppe Montalenti, an Italian geneticist andphilosopher of biology, wrote that Darwins ideas were a rebell ion againstthought in the Aristotelian-scholastic way (Ayala, 4).In order tounderstand how Darwinism can be considered a revolt against Aristotle, we mustfirst inspect Aristotles ideas and thoughts about biology. We will write a custom essay on The Effects of Aristotelian Teleological Thought on Darwins Mechanist specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Aristotle used teleology to explain the harmony and final results of theearth. Teleology is the study of the purpose of nature. Aristotle believedthat scientists should follow the plan adopted by mathematicians in theirdemonstrations of astronomy, and after weighing the phenomena presented byanimals, and their several parts, follow consequently to understand the causesand the end results. Using this method, Aristotle constructed causes for bodyparts and processes of the human body, such as sundry types of teeth. Aristotle elucidated on this topic: When we have ascertained the thingsexistence we inquire as to its naturewhen we know the fact we ask the reason(Evans, 82). Despite Aristotles frequent teleological explanations, he did warnagainst teleology leading to misinterpretations of facts. In a short writing onthe reproduction of bees in Generation of Animals, Aristotle was troubled thatthere were insufficient observations on the subject, and warns that his theoryis dependent on facts supporting the theory. One twentieth century biologistbelieves that Aristotle did not often enough follow his own advice. Ayalaprinted that Aristotles error was not that he used teleological explanationsin biology, but that he extended the concept of teleology to the non-livingworld.(56)Some biologists say Aristotle used teleology so often because order andpurpose, both in the universe and life, were immensely important to him. Aristotle thought it was both ridiculous and impossible that chance, which isnot linked with order, could be used to explain occurrences in biology. In oneof his writings, he criticized Empedocles for the use of chance to describebiology.Aristotle believed that Empedocles, then, was in error when he saidthat many of the characters presented by animals were only the results ofincidental occurrencesduring their evolutionary growth. As a vitalist,Aristotles philosophy also had a powerful influenceon what he wrote. His beliefs are described in On the Soul and On theGeneration of Animals. These thoughts can be epitomized into four main areasof Aristotles vitalistic belief:1. He connects the life of an organism with its psyche. 2. He finds purposefulness and organic unity as the most significant sectionsof vitalism. 3. He debates that the entire body, rather than the parts, should be taken intoaccount. 4. He emphasizes the soul as the final goal. Looking at these four traditions, it is not shocking that Aristotle thought thatsingle limbs, such as an arm, was a good description of organisms. This couldbe compared to a house being called bricks and mortar. Rather than concentrateon individual variability and individual pieces, Aristotle believed that it wasproper to concentrate on the final cause of the entire entity. Aristotleaccepted that the soul was probably the final cause, and his Parts of Animalssays now it may be that the form of any living creature is soul, or some partof soul, or something that involves soul. Aristotles ideas and traditions continued on their path long after hisphysical shell passed away. In the 12th and 13th century, Aristotlesphilosophy was re-founded and incorporated into Christian philosophy by St. Thomas Aquinas. During the Renaissance, when the earth was discovered to nolonger be the center of the universe, Aristotles astronomical systems brokedown, but his biological theories remained intact. This does not mean allpeople accepted Aristotles theories during the Renaissance, however. Onephilosopher from the twentieth century, Mayr, accuses Aristotles teleology ofthe non-organic world for the refutation of Aristotle by Descartes and Bacon. Both of these men criticized the existence of a form-giving, finalisticprinciple in the universe and believed this rejection demanded the removal ofall teleological useseven biology (Mayr, 38). .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383 , .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383 .postImageUrl , .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383 , .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383:hover , .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383:visited , .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383:active { border:0!important; } .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383:active , .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383 .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2785ae7050fc834d875ae050a881b383:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Eldest Book Review EssayScientists were forced to look over the concept of living things againwhen time was discovered in the 18th century. With the exception of Heraclitusand Lucretius, most scientists had described a static world. Once Buffon remadethe geological structure of the earth, and put it into a series of stages, allscientists were forced to account for this new information that the world wasmuch older than originally thought. This formed the field of Paleontology. Theinformation gained from paleontology and the new geology was necessary to theevolutionary argument. Deists, however, created another explanation for thecreation of the world; God created the world and then gave it a set of laws thatguided the world into perfection (Mayr, 57). The use of natural theology helped stabilize religion. By the mid 1850s,the sciences of psychics and chemistry were used to explain the unknown forces,such as gravity, that were previously associated with religion. The generalpopulation still felt safe with their beliefs because they agreed to the abovedeist explanation of the history of the earth and because biological functionswere continually explained in conjunction with a creator. Theology in theEnglish Protestant Church was documented through Natural Theology, thedemonstration of the goodness of god by the contemplation of nature and thebenevolent artifice which seemed everywhere to demonstrate (Burrow, 17). Thechurch at this time, of the Victorian Era, was very dominating. The Christianheritage was flourishing in this epoch of regulation and purpose. The only dissension from the austere Victorian Era was from a man namedLamarck. In 1809 he published Philosophie Zoolique, in which he intended toprove that organic structures gave rise to additional organs when needed andthat these new organs were passed onto their progeny (Ayala, 9). Lamarckshypothesis of evolution embodied the two main standards to include: 1) there isan inherent drive towards progress; and 2) that there is a birthright of traitsthat are acquired characteristics (Simpson, 266). For some reason, the study of natural history became immensely popularin the early nineteenth century. Exploring nature was seen as a way to exploreGod and natural theology. Because such exploration was easy to accomplish,unlike astronomy (which required mathematics) things like trees and birds werestudied by common folk as well as scientists. This popularity was proven whenthe initial 1,250 copies of Darwins Origin of the Species sold out in one day(Burrow, 19). Charles Darwin was one of historys most knowledgeable biologists andranks with some of the greatest intellectual heroes of mankind (Simpson, 268). After several career changes, Darwin became a naturalist. In 1831, he began aposition as a naturalist on the H.M.S. Beagle, an exploration vessel that neededa naturalist to keep a record of the ships biological discoveries (Moore, 9). When Darwin began this trip, he shared the popular belief that every organismwas created to suit its environment and that there was order and harmony innature. When Darwin returned to England five years later, he still believedthere was harmony in nature but now doubted in perfect adaptation. Instead, hebelieved in transmutation of the species (each species is a descendent of anearlier species and that the traits are inherited) (Moore, 10). Darwins metamorphosis occurred during a time when many naturalists werebeginning to reject the teleological approach to explaining biological shapes. One biologist, Sir Thomas Henry Huxley, felt the renewed inspection ofevolution was going to be the extinction of teleology. Huxley said, Thedoctrine of evolution is the most formidable opponent of all the common andcourser forms of TeleologyThe Teleology which supposes that the eye, such as wesee it in man or one of the higher vertebrate, was made with the precisestructure it exhibits, for the purpose of enabling the animals which possessesit to see, has undoubtedly received its death blow (Ayala, 228). Darwin realized that with the teleological approach contrary to hisviews, he should attempt to shed doubt on the ideas of a fixed relationshipbetween an organism and its environment. One example of Darwins powerfuldebates against teleology includes winged yet flight-less beetles. In trying toprove that some organisms have extremities that are useless to them,Darwinsays if simple creation, surely it would have been born without them thewings (Ospovat, 26). Even though Darwin rejected the idea of teleology, he still very muchrespected its creator, Aristotle. Darwin appreciates Aristotles contributionto biology so much that he is mentioned in the opening paragraph of Origin ofthe Species. Darwin also praises his pioneering work, and recognizes his rolein knowledge now common, but to have discovered and theorized such principles inAristotles time, Darwin considers an amazing discovery. In 1860 Darwin wroteAsa Gray, I cannot think the world as we see it is the result of chance; andyet I cannot look at each separated thing as the result of DesignI am, andshall ever remain, in a hopeless muddle. According to Ayala, this thoughtshows that while Darwin has a mechanistic viewpoint, he is never truly denyingany sort of evolutionary viewpoint to its fullest; he is simply stating thatwhich he believes in(225). .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250 , .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250 .postImageUrl , .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250 , .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250:hover , .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250:visited , .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250:active { border:0!important; } .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250:active , .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250 .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u08bb60448d37bfaf134bbe045c5d2250:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Technology In Education EssayHowever much confused about teleology, Darwin did not think the worldshould be explained in terms of its purpose in the universe. Once, Darwin askedthe question, What would the astronomer say to the doctrine that the planetsmoved not according to the laws of gravitation, but from the creator havingwilled each separate planet to move in its particular orbit? (Burrow, 48). Darwin is referring to the breakdown between astronomy and religion, physics andchemistry that happened during the Renaissance period. Darwin suggested theinclusion of biology as a hard science so that other sciences like physics andchemistry would not be unfairly built on the organization of knowledge, based ontestable, working hypotheses. The theory of evolution was not formed by Darwin. Ideas of manprogressing from smaller life existed even in Ancient Greece. Empedoclesevolution theory involved the coming together of limbs, while Xenophanesthought that humans came into existence from earth and water.Darwinsbeginning to the Origin of the Species is mostly a listing of antecedents tophilosophers of evolution, and what views they held. One of these predecessorswas Darwins grandfather, Eramus Darwin. Why Charles Darwin was more powerful than the other evolutionaryscientists was his theory of natural selection as the vehicle of evolution. Darwin credits the inspiration of his natural selection theory to reading T.R. Malthus Essay on Population (1798). In this essay, Malthus tried to show anequilibrium viewpointunless checked by famine, disease or voluntary restraint,population growth will outrun food supply.Darwins theory was finished by thetime he wrote the sketch of 1842 but he did not release it for twenty yearsbecause he wanted to produce a large work with both his own evidence for hisideas, and evidence of other naturalists (Ospovat, 1). Darwin was made topublish his own theory earlier than planned, when he learned that anothernaturalist was planning to publish a similar one. (Coincidentally, the othernaturalist, Alfred Wallace, was inspired by the same essay). Darwins theory completely changed biological philosophy. With histheory came the recognition that the self(individual) is the most vital unit ofbiological change, and that this polymorph happens due to total chance. In histheory, Charles Darwin suggested that there is a Struggle for existence. Thisstruggle was later put into use for support within several arguments. BritishImperialists attempted to rationalize their operations by arguing that Darwinismsuggested the strong must overpower the weak. In the late 19th century,Passionate Nationalism caused members of each nationality to trust that theirnation was the most powerful. And, in the early 20th century, Hitler and otherNazi party members used Darwins work to suggest the biological necessity forwar and survival of the fittestIn this case, Hitler was referring to the Aryans. Such controversies could not be upheld using biological ideas ofAristotle, since his conception of species included the abstraction that allindividuals were alike. Distinct differences, like eye color, areinconsequential because they are not promoted by a conclusive objective. However, individual contrarieties are the cornerstone of evolution throughnatural selection. Without these differences, evolution could not come to pass. For this reason, individuality is seen by biologists as the most meaningfultrait of biological organisms. A few scientists try to describe evolutionteleologically. This proof, of course, is not possible, as evolution throughnatural selection cannot be described as goal-oriented since it happens due toprevious events or transformations, not in anticipation of coming events. If wewere goal-oriented, natural selection would not be supple enough to be useful inrapidly changing environments (Mayr, 43). ReferencesAristotle. The Works of Aristotle, Encyclopedia Britannica. New York, 1952Ayala, F.J. and Tobzharsky, T. Studies in the Philosophy of Biology. University of California Press. Berkeley and Los Angeles. 1974. Burrow, John. Editor introduction to Charles Darwins Origin of the SpeciesPenguin books. England, 1968. Evans, G. The Physical Philosophy of Aristotle. University of New MexicoPress. Albuquerque, 1964. Kirk, G., Raven, J. and Schofield, M. The Presocratic Philosophers. CambridgeUniversity Press. Cambridge. 1983. Mayr, Ernst. Toward a New Philosophy of Biology. Harvard University Press. 1988. Moore, Ruth. Evolution. Time-life books. Alexandria, Virginia. 1980. Simpson, George The Meaning of Evolution. Yale University Press. New Havenand London. 1949.